Estilo de vida de profesores chilenos – estudiantes de postgrado en pandemia por COVID-19 (Lifestyle of Chilean teachers - postgraduate students in the COVID-19 pandemic)

Teachers who work in educational establishments either as classroom teachers or in management positions and who are also studying for a postgraduate degree must make an additional effort to perform in all roles;This, added to the changes required as a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile, I urge you to deploy adaptation strategies to this new scenario;Therefore, this article aims to characterize the lifestyle of professors who take a Postgraduate course in universities in central and southern Chile, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The survey was used as a research technique through the FANTASTIC questionnaire. The study population was 69 professors, who during the year 2021 were studying a Postgraduate degree at Chilean universities, in the Ñuble, Bio-Bio, O'Higgins, La Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions. The main findings indicate that according to the score obtained in the FANTASTIC questionnaire, the percentage distribution that characterizes the lifestyle of the study subjects is over 50%, for indicators associated with a lifestyle considered adequate. 40.6% "Good job, you are on the right track" and 15.9% "Adequate, you are fine", however, it was found that 34.8% obtain "Somewhat low, you could improve" evidencing that the group studied, in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, maintains a lifestyle that is within acceptable ranges. Key words: Life Style- COVID-19- postgraduate students- Alternate :Los profesores que trabajan en establecimientos educacionales ya sea como docentes de aula o en cargos de gestión y que además estudian un postgrado deben hacer un esfuerzo adicional para rendir en todos los roles;esto, sumado a los cambios obligados como consecuencia de la Pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile, los insto a desplegar estrategias de adaptación a este nuevo escenario;por lo tanto el presente artículo pretende caracterizar el estilo de vida de profesores que cursan un Postgrado en universidades del centro y sur de Chile, en periodo de pandemia por COVID-19. Se utilizó como técnica de investigación la encuesta a través del cuestionario FANTÁSTICO. La población del estudio fueron 69 profesores, que durante el año 2021 estaban cursando un Postgrado en universidades chilenas, en las regiones del Ñuble, Bio-Bio, O´Higgins, La Araucanía, Los Ríos y Los Lagos. Los principales hallazgos, indican que de acuerdo con el puntaje obtenido en el cuestionario FANTÁSTICO, la distribución porcentual que caracteriza el estilo de vida de los sujetos de estudio es sobre un 50%, para indicadores asociados a un estilo de vida considerado adecuado. Un 40,6% "Buen trabajo, estas en el camino correcto” y el 15,9% "Adecuado, estas bien”, sin embargo, se encontró que el 34.8% obtiene "Algo bajo, podrías mejorar” evidenciando que el grupo estudiado, en periodo de pandemia por COVID-19, mantiene un estilo de vida que se encuentra en los rangos aceptables.Alternate :Os professores que atuam em estabelecimentos de ensino, seja como docentes presenciais ou em cargos de direção, e que também estejam cursando pós-graduação devem fazer um esforço adicional para desempenhar todas as funções;Isto, somado às mudanças impostas pela Pandemia do COVID-19 no Chile, exorto-vos a implementar estratégias de adaptação a este novo cenário;Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o estilo de vida dos professores que estão cursando um curso de pós-graduação em universidades do centro e sul do Chile, no período da pandemia do COVID-19. A pesquisa foi utilizada como técnica de pesquisa por meio do questionário FANTASTIC. A população do estudo foi de 69 professores, que em 2021 estavam cursando um curso de pós-graduação em universidades chilenas, nas regiões de Ñuble, Bio-Bio, O'Higgins, La Araucanía, Los Ríos e Los Lagos. Os principais achados indicam que, de acordo com a pontuação obtida no questionário FANTASTIC, a distribuição percentual que caracteriza o estilo de vida dos sujeitos do estudo é superior a 50%, para indicadores associados um estilo de vida considerado adequado. 40,6% "Bom trabalho, você está no caminho certo” e 15,9% "Adequado, você está bem”, entretanto, verificou-se que 34,8% obtiveram "Um pouco baixo, você poderia melhorar” evidenciando que o grupo estudado, no período da pandemia de COVID-19, mantém um estilo de vida dentro dos limites aceitáveis. Palavras-chave: Estilos de Vida- Estudantes de Pós-Graduação - Instituição de Ensino Superior- COVID-19.

Estimated Oxygen Consumption with the Abbreviated Method and Its Association with Vaccination and PCR Tests for COVID-19 from Socio-Demographic, Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Morbidity Outcomes in Chilean Adults.

COVID-19 causes cardiovascular and lung problems that can be aggravated by confinement, but the practice of physical activity (PA) could lessen these effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) with vaccination and PCR tests in apparently healthy Chilean adults. An observational and cross-sectional study was performed, in which 557 people from south-central Chile participated, who answered an online questionnaire on the control of COVID-19, demographic data, lifestyles, and diagnosis of non-communicable diseases. V˙O2max was estimated with an abbreviated method. With respect to the unvaccinated, those who received the first (OR:0.52 [CI:0.29;0.95], p = 0.019) and second vaccine (OR:0.33 [CI:0.18;0.59], p = 0.0001) were less likely to have an increased V˙O2max. The first vaccine was inversely associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min) (ß:-1.68 [CI:-3.06; -0.3], p = 0.017), adjusted for BMI (ß:-1.37 [CI:-2.71; -0.03], p = 0.044) and by demographic variables (ß:-1.82 [CI:-3.18; -0.46], p = 0.009); similarly occur for the second vaccine (ß: between -2.54 and -3.44, p < 0.001) on models with and without adjustment. Having taken a PCR test was not significantly associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min). It is concluded that vaccination significantly decreased V˙O2max, although it did not indicate cause and effect. There is little evidence of this interaction, although the results suggest an association, since V˙ O2max could prevent and attenuate the contagion symptoms and effects.

Can the immunological system of the upper respiratory tract, improved by physical exercise, act as a first immunological barrier against SARS-CoV-2?

INTRODUCTION: The main route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract via cell membranes, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane host-associated serine protease transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Both enzymes present in the nasal epithelium are the first direct point of contact for SARS-CoV-2. In this sense, the mucosal immune mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract, including immunoglobulin A (IgA), could be enhanced by physical exercise and be the first defense mechanism against the transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED: The authors reviewed recent biomedical literature available in databases related to the effects of exercise and training modalities on IgA concentration levels in the upper respiratory tract in different populations. EXPERT OPINION: According to the biomedical literature reviewed, physical exercise can decrease or improve the level of IgA concentrations. However, it is important to take into account factors such as training load, recovery during the exercise session and between training, as well as the exercise modality. Furthermore, the characteristics of the target population should be taken into account to maximize the adaptive immune response to adequately strengthen the upper respiratory tract and potentially be a barrier against SARS-CoV-2 infection.